考研英语二阅读真题词汇（五）
ritual
(1) n.(宗教等的)仪式；典礼；例行习惯
– Rituals and festivals form an integral part of every human society.
仪式与节日构成了任何人类社会不可缺少的一部分。
(2) adj.仪式的；惯常的
– I realized that here the conventions required me to make the ritual noises.
我意识到此时按照惯例我应该说些客套话。
educational
adj.教育的；有教育意义的
– We carry a range of educational software.
我们出售各种教育软件。
【联想】：①educate v.教育 ②educated adj.有教养的 ③education n.教育
preference
n.偏好；优先；优惠
– I have a preference for country life.
我偏爱乡村生活。
【联想】：performance n.表演
course
(1) n.课程；过程
– There were only three of us on the advanced course.
只有我们三人学高级课程。
(2) v.快速地流动；（感情、思想）涌动
– The tears coursed down his cheeks…
他泪如雨下。
【短语】：of course 当然
terribly
adv.可怕地；非常；极
– I miss him terribly.
我非常思念他。
【联想】：terrible adj.可怕的；糟糕的
moderate
(1) adj.适度的；稳健的；中等的
– Even moderate amounts of the drug can be fatal.
这种药的用量即使不很大也会致命。
(2) v.（使）缓和；节制
– By evening the wind had moderated slightly.
到黄昏时，风稍稍减弱了。
expectation
n.期待；预料
– It had been a success far beyond their expectations.
成功之大远远超过他们的预期。
【联想】：①exert n.专家 ②expect v.期望 ③except v.除了
standard
(1) n.标准；水平
– Standards aren’t what they used to be.
现在的行为标准和过去不一样了。
(2) adj.标准的；规范的；权威的
– We take pride in offering you the highest standards.
我们为向您提供最高标准的服务而感到自豪。
【联想】：①stand v.坚持 n.立足点 ②standpoint n.观点 ③standardize v.使标准化 ④standardization n.标准化
voice
(1) n.呼声；声音；意见
– I could hear voices in the next room.
我能听到隔壁说话的声音。
(2) v.表达；发噪音
– Teach them to voice their feelings.
训练他们敢于表达自己的感受。
【联想】：sound/noise/voice
address
(1) n.地址；演讲
– The general delivered an address to the European people.
这位将军向欧洲民众发表了演讲。
(2) v.向…讲话；解决；处理
– We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。
impoverished
(1) adj.贫困的；贫瘠的
– Money and food were sent to the impoverished drought victims.
给贫困的灾民送去了救济金和粮食。
(2) v.使贫困；使贫瘠
– We need to reduce the burden of taxes that impoverish the economy.
我们需要减轻导致经济困顿的税收负荷。
【联想】：①poor adj.贫穷的；可怜的 ②poorish adj.不太好的 ③poverty n.贫穷 ④overt adj.明显的；公开的 ⑤impoverish v.使贫穷；使贫瘠 ⑥indigent adj.贫穷的；贫困的 ⑦indigence n.贫穷 ⑧indigen n.本地人；土著 ⑨indigenous adj.本地的；土生土长的 ⑩indigenization n.本地化；本国化
chaotic
adj.混乱的；无秩序的
– On New Year’s Eve I usually give a party, which is always chaotic.
我通常在除夕举行派对，总是很闹。
【联想】：chaos 混乱
undermine
v.逐渐削弱；破坏
– The constant criticism has undermined her position.
不断的批评已经损害了他的地位。
authority
n.权威；权威人士
– It was a direct challenge to the president’s authority.
这是对主席权威的直接质疑。
【联想】：①authoritative adj.有权威的 ②authoritarian adj.独裁主义的 ③authoritatively adv.权威地 ④authentic adj.真实的；真正的 ⑤authorize v.授权 ⑥author n.作者 ⑦theoretic adj.理论上的；推理的
state
(1) n.情形；国家；洲
– Education is provided by the state as of right.
受教育是国家赋予每一个人的权利。
(2) v.陈述；声明
– You will each be given the chance to state your case.
你们每人都有机会陈述理由。
(3) adj.州的；邦的
– A man who governs a state is a governor.
管理一个州的人是州长。
restrict
v.限制；约束
– Fog severely restricted visibility.
浓雾严重影响了能见度。
discourage
v.劝阻；使气馁；阻止
– His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.
他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
【短语】：①discourage sb from doing 不鼓励某人做某事 ②encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事 ③courage n.勇气 ④encourage n.鼓励
count for
解释；占比；价值
– Homework no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.
家庭作业不再占学生学业成绩的10%以上。
grade
(1) n.等级；年级；级别
– Milk is sold in grades.
牛奶是分等级出售的。
(2) v.分等级；给…评分
– The best students are graded A.
最优秀的学生评为甲等。
skip
n/v.跳过；蹦
– You might want to skip the exercises in this chapter.
你们也许想跳过这一章的练习。
mention
(1) v.提到；说到
– Come to think of it, he did mention seeing you.
想起来了，他确实提到看见过你。
(2) n.提及；说起
– The concert didn’t even get a mention in the newspapers.
报纸对这场音乐会只字未提。
【短语】：①mention dong sth. 提及做某事 ②mention to sb. sth. 向某人提起某事
eliminate
v.消除；排除；淘汰
– Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.
有了信用卡就用不着携带很多现金。
burden
(1) n.负担；重担；责任
– I wouldn’t call it a burden; I call it a responsibility.
我不觉得这是负担；我觉得它是一种责任。
(2) v.使负重；烦扰
– We decided not to burden him with the news.
我们决定不拿这个消息去烦他。
place
(1) n.地方；方位
– At that time London was the place to be.
那时候伦敦是不可不去的地方。
(2) v.安置；安放
– The waiter didn’t place the meal in front of me.
服务员没把饭菜放在我的面前。
【联想】：①please v.请 ②palace n.宫殿
district
n.地区；行政区；区域
– I drove around the business district.
我开车在商业区转了转。
【联想】：①strict adj.严格的 ②distract v.使分心；使混乱
academic
(1) adj.学院的；学术的
– He is unsuited to academic work.
他不适合做学术工作。
(2) n.大学教师；学者
– An American academic was expelled from the country yesterday.
昨天一位美国学者被逐出该国。
【联想】：①academy n.研究院；学会 ②academia n.学术界 ③academe n.（大学的）学术界；学术环境
achievement
n.成就；成绩；完成
– He ascended to the peak of sporting achievement.
他达到了运动成就的顶峰。
【联想】：①accomplishment n.成就 ②success n.成功
assignment
n.分配；指派；任务
– He saw the assignment as a way to forward his career.
他把这项任务看作事业发展的途径。
【联想】：①consignment n.委托；递送 ②resign v.辞职 ③assign v.分配
almost
adv.几乎；差不多
– That one mistake almost cost him his life.
那一个差错几乎使他丧命。
faulty
adj.有缺陷的；有故障的；有错误的
– Faulty goods should be returned to the manufacturers.
有问题的产品应退还生产厂家。
【联想】：①fault v.发现错误 n.故障；错误 ②faculty n.能力；才能 ③facility n.功能；设施
approach
(1) n.方法；靠近
– We need to take a different approach to the problem.
我们应该采用另一种方法来解决这一问题。
(2) v.接近；临近；处理
– We approached the situation in the wrong spirit.
我们以前对待局势的心态不对。
【联想】：①reproach v.指责 ②approachable adj.亲切的；可接近的
thorny
adj.棘手的；多刺的
– the thorny question/issue/problem of immigration policy.
移民政策这个棘手问题。
【联想】：①thorn n.荆棘 ②intractable adj.棘手的；不听话的 ③tricky adj.棘手的；狡猾的 ④knotty adj.棘手的；难解决的 ⑤spiny adj.多刺的 ⑥throne n.王位 ⑦irony n.讽刺
interpretation
n.解释；口译
– Their interpretation was faulty — they had misinterpreted things.
他们的理解是错误的——他们将事情曲解了。
【联想】：①interpret v.解释；说明 ②interfere v.干涉；妨碍；冲突
